FeCl3改性污泥生物炭对水中吡虫啉的吸附性能研究

以脱水污泥为原料,制备污泥生物炭（SBC）和FeCl₃改性污泥生物炭（Fe-SBC）处理低浓度吡虫啉（IMI）废水（浓度为10 mg·L^-1）,考察SBC和Fe-SBC对IMI的吸附性能及影响因素,并探究其吸附机理.采用SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET及元素分析等探得污泥生物炭FeCl₃改性成功.Fe-SBC对IMI的最大吸附量为4.915 mg·g^-1,是SBC的1.97倍,表现出更好的IMI吸附性能.pH和离子强度的变化对Fe-SBC的吸附性能影响较小,最大波动幅度分别为4.4%和7.8%.两种生物炭对IMI的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型,Freundlich模型可以更好地描述其等温吸附曲线.热力学研究表明,SBC吸附IMI是非自发吸附,而Fe-SBC是自发吸附.Fe-SBC对IMI的吸附机理包括静电作用力、氢键作用力及π-π键相互作用力.多次热解再生后的Fe-SBC对IMI的去除率仍可达93.088%.     

电捕法净化焙烧炉沥青烟气

针对炭素焙烧炉烟气特点,采用雾化水预处理和电捕焦油技术,对某炭素厂焙烧炉烟气进行治理,达到既高效净化有害气体,又降低资金投入。处理后的烟气指标为:沥青烟浓度13.8mg/m3,苯并(a)芘浓度0.053×10-3mg/m3,烟尘浓度19.1mg/m3,各项污染物均达标排放。     

恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水

通过对恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺处理生活污水工程应用的研究,结果表明:恒液位推流式改良SBR工艺在降低工程成本和减少设备量的同时能较好的去除污水中的污染物,具有良好的脱氮除磷效果,COD去除率可达85%~93%;TP的去除率可达84%;TN的去除率可达82%。     

粉煤灰对垃圾填埋场黄土垫层的改性试验

通过击实、渗透试验得到粉煤灰改性-黄土的最佳配比为10%。对压实黄土和压实粉煤灰改性-黄土,分别用清水和渗滤液进行室内渗透试验,结果表明:渗滤液在压实粉煤灰改性黄土中的渗透系数≤1.0×10-7cm/s,在压实黄土中的渗透系数≤1.0×10-5cm/s,前者可作为填埋场防渗垫层,后者可作为填埋场防渗保护垫层。对COD、NH3-N的去除效果前者优于后者。     

Cu~(2+)和Pb~(2+)存在下改性玉米秸秆对Cd~(2+)的吸附

以丙烯腈改性的玉米秸秆为吸附剂,对水体中的Cu2+,Pb2+,Cd2+进行吸附,用双组分竞争模型和LCA模型对实验结果进行拟合,结果表明:改性玉米秸秆对三种重金属离子的吸附能很好地符合Lang-muir方程,相关性(R2)分别为0.98,0.95和0.98,最大吸附容量分别为9.34,31.8和12.7mg·g-1;在Cu2+和Pb2+存在下,改性玉米秸秆对Cd2+的吸附受到明显的抑制,且随Cu2+和Pb2+浓度的增大抑制作用加强;在低浓度时,该吸附材料优先吸附顺序为:Cu2+＞Pb2+＞Cd2+,高浓度时为:Pb2+＞Cu2+＞Cd2+.     

磁黄铁矿和石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料的脱氮除磷性能研究

基于硫磺自养反硝化(SAD)脱氮效率高、除磷效率低及磁黄铁矿自养反硝化(PAD)除磷效率高、脱氮效率低的特点,利用微细粒磁黄铁矿和石灰石与硫磺熔混、发泡得到磁黄铁矿与石灰石改性硫磺发泡材料(PLMSFM).通过批次试验探究磁黄铁矿和发泡剂配比对PLMSFM脱氮除磷的影响,优化得出硫磺∶石灰石∶磁黄铁矿∶碳酸氢钠的质量比...     

Beyond Substantial Equivalence: Ethical Equivalence

The concept of substantial equivalence,introduced for the risk assessment of geneticallymodified (GM) food, is a reducing concept because itignores the context in which these products have beenproduced and brought to the consumer at the end of thefood chain. Food quality cannot be restricted to meresubstance and food acts on human beings not only atthe level of nutrition but also through theirrelationship to environment and society. To make thiscontext explicit, I will introduce an ``equivalencescale' for the evaluation of food chains (GM or notGM). By contrast with substantial equivalence, whichinvolves mainly quantitative, analytical methods ofevaluation, ``qualitative equivalence' refers to ``less'or non-substantial factors that require new methodsof evaluation based on qualitative principles.``Ethical equivalence' refers to factors that show themoral value contained in food products. To analyze thedifferent levels at which ethics is needed in foodchains, I will use the French principles: ``Liberty,Equality, Fraternity,' or freedom, equality,solidarity, and add a fourth principle:sustainability. Sustainability, solidarity, andfreedom can be applied to the evaluation ofenvironmental, socio-economic, and socio-culturalethical equivalence, respectively. Equality refers tojustice and should operate so as to guarantee thatsustainability, solidarity, and freedom are satisfied.I suggest that ethics can provide a basis for arenewal of the food chain concept. Besides QualityAssurance, it is now essential to develop an ``EthicalAssurance' and this equivalence scale could provide abasis to set up ``Ethical Assurance Standards' (EAS)for food chains.     

Are the Precautionary Principle and the International Trade of Genetically Modified Organisms Reconcilable?

This paper seeks to find possibilities forreconciliation of the implementation of theprecautionary principle and the promotion ofinternational trade of genetically modified organisms,based on the assumption that a sustainabledevelopment is a right objective to strive for. Itstarts with an explanation of the background and therole of the precautionary principle, and describes inwhat way measures based on the precautionary principlecan easily lead to the creation of trade barriers. Thearticle then examines to what extent the WTO (WorldTrade Organisation) Agreements allow theimplementation of the precautionary principle. Inaddition, structural conflicts between the perceptionof the precautionary principle and the concept oftrade liberalisation will be evoked. The last sectionof the paper analyses to what extent the WTO rulesprovide possibilities to avoid or solve theseconflicts in order to attempt to answer the mainquestion: are the precautionary principle and theinternational trade of genetically modified organismsreconcilable?     

改性土壤对模拟含油废水中油的吸附

研究季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基铵离子 ( TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子 ( HDTMA)改性的土壤 (黑土、黄棕壤、红壤 )对水中油的吸附作用 .结果表明 :改性土壤和未改性土壤均可吸附水中的油 ,但改性土壤对水中油的吸附能力明显高于未改性土壤 .改性土壤吸附油能力的顺序依次为 :1 CEC- HDTMA黑土 >1 CEC-HDTMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- HDTMA红壤 >1 CEC-TMA黑土 >1 CEC-TMA黄棕壤 >1 CEC- TMA红壤 .未改性土壤和 HDTMA改性土壤对油的吸附通过分配来进行 ,吸附等温线可由 Henry方程表示 ,得出 logK_SOM为 2.69,logK_HDTMA为 3.35;TMA改性土壤对油的吸附符合 Langmuir方程 ,其对油的饱和吸附量分别为 1150 mg/kg( TMA黑土 ) ,751 mg/kg( TMA黄棕壤 ) ,172 mg/kg( TMA红壤 )     

硝基苯在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

硝基苯在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为表明,硝基苯在-0.50V有一灵敏的还原峰,为硝基苯得到四个电子还原为苯胲所形成,电位继续负移,苯胲能继续还原为苯胺.在扫描速度为100mV·s-1,pH=5.0和富集时间为2min的条件下,-0.50V处的还原峰电流与硝基苯在1.5—150mg·l-1范围内线性关系良好,线性系数为0.99992,检测限为0.3mg·l-1.应用于实际废水中硝基苯的测定,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=10),相对误差为-5%— 5%.